KryptoLessons

An airdrop is a marketing stunt of the blockchain ecosystem, involving free distribution of additional coins or tokens to users of a particular blockchain project. Airdrops are often used to market and incentivize engagement in …

The XYO Oracle Network focuses on geospatial location data within the real world and its recording on blockchain, and is a decentralized platform based on the Ethereum blockchain. In other words: XYO is building secure blockchain …

Decentralized exchanges, in short DEX's, form a major portion of the decentralized finance (DeFi) ↗ ecosystem. A DEX is what its name suggests: an asset exchange that is inherently decentralized. DEXs function as platforms for …

Blockchain's first and still largest use case is that of tokens and cryptocurrency (i.e., any kind of digital asset held securely on the blockchain). Therefore, blockchain technology is in direct competition with traditional …

OpenSea is a decentralized exchange (DEX), or more precisely a decentralized marketplace for NFTs (non-fungible tokens) running both on the Ethereum blockchain, Polygon, and Klaytn. The trading platform is completely …

In this day and age sustainability has become an existential topic with a wide range of connotations. By definition, sustainability means “the lasting satisfaction of needs by means of the natural regenerative capacity of systems …

And how does it provide insights on how sustainable a financial product is? The EU Sustainable Finance Action Plan (SFAP) ↗ is a major policy objective which aims to promote sustainable investments across the 27 member states of …

Exchange Traded Instruments , short ETIs, are a form of financial exchange-traded products, ETPs. They constitute a special form of exchange-traded, secured index certificates. Through their unique setup, ETIs provide a way to …

Generally, hedging as a trading strategy is implemented to secure against volatility of market prices. As a risk-minimizing strategy, the primary goal is to maintain a stable value of one´s portfolio rather than making high …

The basic concept of money lending is that lenders provide funds to borrowers in return for interest rates on their deposit. Traditionally, lending and borrowing is facilitated by a financial institution such as a bank. However, …

Today´s world faces two megatrends: One, the upcoming ecosystem of blockchain technology, as it has profound potential to revolutionize the way we as humans interact with each other in various fields of life. The other, a shift …

After the ongoing trending of NFT´s and DeFi applications, some suggest so-called social tokens to be the “next big thing” inside the world of cryptoassets. So, what´s it about? Like other cryptocurrency tokens or NFT´s, social …

By nature, blockchains cannot access data from outside of their network. However, smart contracts ↗ happening on blockchains do sometimes need access to information from the outside-world in order to fulfil their contractual …

Ethereum’s EIP-1559 went live in August 2021 as part of its “London hard fork”. Ethereum Investment Proposals, or EIPs ↗ , describe standards that specify potential new features or processes for the protocol. Since the recent …

Proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms were devised in response to the challenges surrounding Proof-of-work (PoW) mining. Benefits of PoS blockchains vs. their PoW counterparts include, among other things, improved …

Public blockchain are operated and maintained by a decentralized network of independent nodes that do not necessarily know or trust each other. These nodes are called validators in Proof-of-Stake systems and provide the necessary …

Cryptoassets such as bitcoin were originally envisioned to disintermediate large financial institutions by addressing some of the challenges in the traditional financial system, such as high transaction costs, reversible …

DeFi ↗ is an abbreviation for “decentralized finance,” an umbrella term for a rapidly growing ecosystem of financial protocols and applications that run on top of public blockchains. DeFi emerged from the Ethereum community and …

Slashing refers to punishment for misbehavior within PoS systems and promotes security, availability of the validators, and honest network participation. The degree of the punishment as well as what classifies as misbehavior is …

A smart contract is a computer program running on a blockchain intended to allow network participants to interact with each other in a trustless and decentralized manner, it is in principle an agreement in form of code. Smart …

Ethereum is undergoing a fundamental transformation of its architecture, it will migrate from a Proof-of-Work network to a sharded Proof-of-Stake ecosystem (Ethereum 2.0). The transition will occur in several phases, each of …

Solana is a next-generation, high-speed blockchain that aims to scale to billions of users. The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain provides a scalable, secure, and decentralized platform without sacrificing throughput. Unlike …

Polkadot ↗ aims to be a next-generation “multi-chain” blockchain protocol that focuses on connecting a set of independent chains in one single network. The project sets out to build the infrastructure for the decentralized …

Before Cosmos ↗ , the blockchain ecosystem faced some challenges in terms of limited communication between blockchains, long building times, and reduced transaction throughput. The approach of the Cosmos community to these issues …

Staking is the process of committing a blockchain’s native token to become a validator in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) networks and to provide economic security for a public blockchain. Validators are special nodes in PoS-networks. They …

Proof-of-stake (PoS) validation mechanisms were developed as a partial solution to the critiques of PoW mining, such as PoW’s large energy footprint, high entry barriers and geographical concentration. In the section on PoW, we …

Recall that Bitcoin is technically a combination of 4 things – public key cryptography, peer-to-peer networks, blockchain and Proof-of-Work (PoW). And remember that in the context of Bitcoin, blockchain is a database where users …

In the future, blockchain will have profound implications for many areas of our lives. And it is far more than just an innovative technology. Although it may not yet be observable in everyday life given its nascent stage, the …

Blockchains pay and transact in their own currency, usually referred to as token or cryptoasset, as opposed to using national currencies such as the U.S. dollar. The assets recorded on the blockchain are purely digital and …

Ethereum is an open-source, globally decentralized blockchain platform that runs programs called smart contracts. The Ethereum platform enables developers to create powerful web applications - called decentralized applications …

Bitcoin can be described many different ways, including “money over internet protocol (IP)” or “digital gold”, depending how one approaches it. Bitcoin is a network, a technology and a currency – and these three things are …

Blockchain technology as we know it today originated from the 2008 Bitcoin whitepaper ↗ by Satoshi Nakamoto, an alias. Although Nakamoto never referred blockchain specifically in the context of Bitcoin, calling it as a “chain of …